Excavation Starts At Stonehenge

Sorry, JC, can't back you on this one. ***
The search for and understanding of our past and the simple act of stealing come from 2 radically different places and mindsets. The overwhelming majority of academia in archaelogy and anthropology are mindful, respectful and understanding on were they tread.

I will grant that I do sometimes think that grave exploration and the removal of the body from its original site disturbs me at some level.

I am thankful for the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Many museums around the world have started to return certain items to their countries of origins. Times and mentalities have changed on how we do things now. There is so much more that is thought through than just taking things for the sake of taking and displaying items publicly. Perhaps , and probable in many cases in the past archaelogy was more of a crash and grab science , but not so today.

I have pictures of my grandfather in the Atacama desert of Chile with bones all about him as he dug for items to send back to the States, Chicago Field Museum and the New Hampshire Museum of Natural History. This was in the late teens and 20's of the 1900's. Today he may very well be looked at as nothing better than a graverobber.

*** PS , no need to take one for me either buddy!!!

To quote Gilda…”never mind”…

To quote Gilda…”never mind”…
No JC, you bring up a good discussion.
I just saw a program on these cliff tombs in the Peruvian jungles and how rare it is to find one intact, even in these ridiculously dangerous cliff places> they have been plundered and robbed for centuries. The archaelogist had trouble accessing them even with modern climbing techniques.
Part of the big rush and concerns is the graverobbing for profit and invariable these items end up in private collectors hands or are destroyed. Then the site is lessened in its value for study. So do they leave them alone or take them for study and preservation before they are stolen and destroyed or disappear into the netherworld of the rich, obsessed and private collector? Do they become like the graverobber, just at a different level? Or do they study the items onsite and hope for the best and leave them there?
A responsibility is inherent in studying the past and nations and peoples today value their history. Should nations return historical property to their origins, like the Elgin Marbles or countless Eygptian artifacts that were removed? They can just as easily be viewed in museums in their native land as in their current location. Is there a distinction for artifacts and human remains?
The cultural view that allowed many items to be taken in the past and the culture we view things today has changed tremendously. Do we repatriate everything, somethings, human remains, valuable items, how far back do we go. Many new nations exist today that were part of empires and colonies when the items left home. All legitimate questions that are not black and white.
Sorry for rambling.

Oh, no, this isn't rambling -- it's the heart of the question. A lot of definitions shift when "self-evident absolutes" (in their time) like empire and colonialism fade out.

Hey! I know! There's a new Indiana Jones movie coming our really soon. That's real authority on the matter -- if we take the evidence of the typical outcome, good and evil are absolute and immediately recognizable, the good guys are clearly defined by their respect for the indigenous and their vast knowledge of native customs and beliefs, and even the children of the colonized populations know and love them by their purity of intention.

Mmmmm . . . wonder where that leaves our culture experts in Iraq. I'm still hurting over what happened to the country's national museum.

Following is a link for a quick read on what is happening with the recovery of Iraqi National Museum artifacts. The book referenced . Thieves of Baghdad by Matthew Bogdanos, all of the authors royalties go to the museum.

www.independent.co.uk/.../revealed-the-real-story-behind-the-great-iraq-museum-thefts-515067.html -

During the Heyday of Archaeology, when possession of any treasure of the ancient world was a feather in the cap of the Imperial Powers the ownership of such treasures seemed to be on the basis of "Finders, Keepers" Thankfully we live in somewhat more enlightened times. The modern states that have arisen from the ashes of the old civilization now have enacted laws prohibiting such blatant looting
but the question remains do we return that which was taken. Do we dare risk the return of the Ishtar Gate. or thousands of cuniform tablets to Iraq? Does the Berlin Museum dismantle and return the Altar of Pergamum to Turkey? In my opinion no. These great works, though taken under dubious circumstance are at least safe especially from vandalism or destruction by those who would denounce them as works of Satan. At the height of there reign of terror the Taliban destroyed a magnificant statue of Buddha that was carved into a mountain because the Koran forbade Idols.

Camac.

The Book says corpses of Moses and Aaron moved by The Ezekiels.

Around 50 BC the Sicilian historian Diodorus described the Stone Hedge temple — Hecateus [c 350 BC] and certain others say that in the region beyond the land of the Celts [Gaul] there lies in the ocean an island no smaller than Sicily. This island… is inhabited by the Hyperboreans… there is also on the island a magnificent sacred precinct of Apollo and a notable temple adorned with many votive offerings and spherical in shape — Ezekiel wheels Hyperborea (whirlwind North) temple:

Spirit 1 — gold Mercy Seat under Hele Stone
Spirit 2 — gold Ark of Testimony under Hele Stone
Spirit 3 — gold Table of Manna under Hele Stone
Spirit 4 — gold Candlestick under Hele Stone
Spirit 5 — gold Girdle under Hele Stone
Spirit 6 — gold Breastplate under Hele Stone
Spirit 7 — gold Altar of Incense under Hele Stone

The brasen Altar of Burnt Offering infolding Seven Spirits
Jeremiah the Prophet is Ezekiel the Priest
Father Hilkiah and Mother Buzi

http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba74/feat4.shtml

G-D

Paleolithic 800,000-year-old Acheulian hand-axes from Homo erectus opencast Pembrokeshire Coalfield anthracite Coal cinders and South Wales Coalfield bituminous Bottom ashes indicate pre-Neanderthal coal mining.

Homo erectus burnt 800,000-year-old Crosskeys Coal fly-ashes sampled from Pontycymer Class C - Class F bituminous South Wales Coalfield mined Paleolithic cave dates 700,000 years previous to 100,000 years.

The German historian, antiquarian, and dentist, Doctor Garry Whilhelm Denke (1622-1699), recovered the 800,000-year-old Acheulian hand-axes and sampled the 800,000-year-old Crosskeys Coal fly-ashes in 1656.

Neanderthal following the West-East anthracite Pembrokeshire Coalfield - bituminous South Wales Coalfield trend to their opencast Bristol Coalfield discovery caused Homo sapien Mesolithic dug 3 Coal dusters.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/20...ns_britain.html
http://www.durhamrecordsonline.com/literat...lds-british.gif
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5317762.stm

Rest simple History, under the Heelstone.

Stonehenge Coal Trend

http://www.durhamrecordsonline.com/literat...lds-british.gif
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/mbhistory/F223381...?thread=5273545
http://www.thisisdorset.net/display.var.21...2199212.0.0.php

Denke is saying that Britain's oldest 3 coal fields surface 40 miles apart, from west to east; Pembrokeshire, South Wales, then Bristol. The first 2 were discovered by Homo erectus 800kya, the third by Neanderthal 100kya, Denke's hand-axes, coal cinders and fly-ashes dated. Later, after the extinction of Homo erectus and Neanderthal, Homo sapiens explored Salisbury Plain for coal, first 10kya (carpark tests), then 5kya (henge ditches). Denke is saying these 3 oldest coal fields of Britain being aligned 40 miles apart is what caused Salisbury Plain coal exploration. Why? Because that area is 40 miles southeast of Bristol in the alignment. That equal distance and direction resulted in Woodhenge, Durrington Walls, Stonehenge, Avebury henges, etc. being dug 5kya by Homo sapiens on Salisbury Plain. None of them had any coal of course, and according to Denke they discovered certain coal bearing "white stone" (limestone vs. chalk) differences, carbonate fossils, as the cause. Because the other henge sites were being lived on by Homo sapiens, unoccupied Stonehenge was chosen for the school, with athletics. Later, 'education' rocks from around Britain's first 2 coal fields, Pembrokeshire and South Wales, were brought for Geology class exhibits. Teachers and parents honored Welsh coal miners on Saturdays, student football was on Sundays. Personally, my thought on this is that Denke is insane, because schools never have athletics.

http://www.online-archaeology.co.uk/forum/...p?TOPIC_ID=2537
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/mbhistory/F223381...?thread=5312359
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/in...php?topic=13284

Garry Denke

Now that Timothy Darvill, Archaeologist and Geoffrey Wainwright, Archaeologist have confirmed Stonehenge broadly mirrors South Wales geology as proposed by Garry Denke, Geologist in the '70s, here are more geological, paleontological, and geophysical papers from their reading list.

1) Denke, G.W. 1973. Stonehenge Phase I: An Openpit Coalfield Model; The First Geologic Mining School. (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) GDG, 73: 1-56.
2) Denke, G.W. 1975. Invertibrate Paleontology of the High Tor Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) and the Upper Senonian Chalk (Late Cretaceous) of Stonehenge. (Arizona State University) GDG, 75: 1-7.
3) Denke, G.W. 1977. Possible Source Areas of the High Tor Limestone (Early Mississippian) Fill of the Aubrey Holes and Heel Stone Ditch in Europe. (Arizona State University) GDG, 77: 1-24.
4) Beus, S.S. 1984. Fossil Associations in the High Tor Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of South Wales. (Northern Arizona University) Journal of Paleontology, 58: 3; 651-667.
5) Denke, G.W. 1984. Mid-Dinantian (Waulsortian Facies) High Tor Limestone: The First Stones Transported to Stonehenge from the South Wales Coast. (Arizona State University) GDG, 84: 1-4.
6) Denke, G. 1984. Magnetic and Electromagnetic Surveys at Heelstone, Stonehenge, United Kingdom. (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) GDG, 84: 5-42.
7) Lees, A. and Miller, J. 1985. Facies variatian in Waulsortian buildups, Part 2; Mid-Dinantian buildups from Europe and North America. (Revised) Geological Journal, 20: 159-180.
8) Geologist, Denke, G. 1986. The Paleontology of Stonehenge, England. (Arizona State University) GDG, 86: 1-3. (State of Texas, County of Stonewall, Book 393, Pages 848-853)

http://www.archaeology.co.uk/index.php?opt...d=402&Itemid=26

Archaeology is a fascinating subject. Enjoy.

I have read a lot about Stonehenge and the Druids who probably built it. I suspect there is much more to be learned about it Stonehenge. As for the Ark of the Covenant, I believe that disappeared during the Crusades, long after Stonehenge was built.

I will not argue something I do not understand.

Slàinte,    

Patch

Seven Sisters of Wales

Geologic (1656) structure contour maps each pair of Q / R holes within Stone Hedge Double Bluestone Horseshoe indicating that the Ancient coal miners intentionally designed Q / R holes to represent South Wales Coalfield synclinal basin structure.

See the Bluestone Sockets 'dumb-bell'


The Ancient coal miners Double Bluestone Horseshoe architecture, the Q / R holes and trench are positive Bluestone source identification, and the trench connecting Q trough and R trough depressions for South Wales Coalfield basin structure thrust.

Fold 'dumb-bell' for Double Horseshoe
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/webdav/site/GSL/...SWcoalfield.JPG

Westphalian-Stephanian microfloral and macrofloral record in Double Bluestone Horseshoe matches South Wales Coalfield microfloral and macrofloral record of Dr. Garry Denke (1622-1699) Diary (1656) biozone identified 24 biodiverse species.

Stonehenge Bluestone Glacial Erratics
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/jpg/South-Wale...es-map-1300.jpg

Seven Sisters of Wales had always been recognized historically for a coal pit that was located in the middle of what was the richest source of coal in the world. The pit was named Seven Sisters Colliery after the seven daughters of Evan Evans-Bevan.

Q / R Bluestones Seven Sisters Source
http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Seven+Sister...t+Glamorgan,+UK

Garry Denke

H E A T

Wiltshire Mystery Ruined

Salisbury Plain overlies a very large Coalfield,
unfortunately too deep to mine economically.

dusters in white ->
http://www.coalpro.co.uk/images/coalmap.jpg

Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Avebury duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Cursus duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Durrington Walls duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Long Barrow duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Robin Hood's Ball duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Stonehenge duster
Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Woodhenge duster

http://www.coalpro.co.uk/images/coalmap.jpg
dusters in white ->

Dr. Garry Denke (1622-1699)
Hidden Energy Amalgamate Theory
The Coal Stones and The Healing Stones

Stonehenge Mining College
The First Borean University

a) Irish Sea Glacier dumps black Volcanic Bluestone rock erratics at Seven Sisters in centre of South Wales Coalfield faulted Oval of Horseshoes.
b) Black Ordovician Bluestone rock mysteriously does not produce fire like plentiful ordinary black Carboniferous Coal rock at circling rim of fires.
c) Homo sapiens begin worshipping rare black Volcanic Bluestone rock power over fire at the South Wales Coalfield faulted Horseshoes Oval.
d) Preseli Hills springs of black Ordovician Bluestone rock that create water found being the internal reason for mysterious power over fire.
e) Superstitions springing up from powerful black Volcanic Bluestone rock that sooths Coalfire burn wounds with water it creates fuel myths.
f) Cold lower-class Homo sapiens having to stoke wood fires throughout night desire Hot upper-class Homo sapiens living style of sleeping all night.
g) Pembrokeshire Coalfield -> South Wales Coalfield -> Bristol Coalfield -> Salisbury Plain Coal Prospect generated by cold lower-class geologists.
h) Elders attribute multiple failures at Salisbury Plain Coal Prospect to absence of The Healing Stones' power at the centre of duster digging area.
i) Pigskin leather football (rugby) and lambskin leather volleyball (soccer) geology student falls on field seeing "white stone" younger creatures.
j) Upper-class Homo sapiens agree to lend The Healing Stones in their Horseshoes brought by the Irish to lower-class Homo sapiens neighbors.
k) Parents' students bring tons of "white stone" from South Wales Coalfield Oval to palaeontology department with deflated pigskins and lambskins.
l) 19-18-19 recalcitrant elders 'space'-out '56 basinward Carboniferous Coal rim cave chimneys - cave vents for "white smoke stone" comparison.
m) Field rim '56 cave chimneys filled and excess "white stone" piled toward first 3 pine marked dusters styling Pembrokeshire Coalfield outcrop.
n) Structural geology of South Wales Coalfield conveyed in each Q and R hole pair separated by thrust trench in the Double Horseshoe model.
o) Green sparkling Cosheston watered Irish delivered Old Red erratic Seven Sisters' beacons rock entrance keeping the way of the 3 of pine.
p) Heal stone problem, water problem, burn problem, class problem, etc with The Healing Stones' delivery to Coal Prospect duster area made.
q) With newest version of 'net' available College volleyball grows in popularity and "Laws of the Game" for football and rugby are now changed.
r) Elders attribute continuing Salisbury Plain Coal Prospect failures to centre disconnection with Stonehenge Bottom spring at northeast valley.
s) Q and R holes thrust The Healing Stones having no power of creating Coal or water and remaining '56 chimney "white stone" packed at thrust.
t) Lower-class Homo sapiens' black Volcanic Bluestone rock loan agreement honoured and return made to Seven Sisters as deeper shoring fails.
u) Geologists locate 'higher education' rock nearby and recalcitrant '56 convince orthodox elders 'capping graduates' in pairs makes for success.
v) College teaches upper-class Homo sapiens' minimalist logo architecture at its sophisticated best and The Healing Stones a gift back donation.
w) Ezekiels whirl Borean wind Wheels north for Pagans, Druids, and Wiccans tunnel Deals shoeing The Healing Stones' Seven Sisters' Spirits.
x) Tunnel Engineer I. Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) and Mining Engineer William Gowland (1842-1922) ancestors College the 3 shoring of tunnels.
y) Pagans, Druids, and Wiccans build 30 Y holes fence for 'roped-out' tourists caught climbing rim perimeter bracing and inside mine shoring.
z) Borean University entrance at gap 29 Z holes fence for 'roped-in' tourists observing Stonehenge Mining College in action on the Ancient path.

http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/webdav/site/GSL/...SWcoalfield.JPG

Palynology is geology,
flowers flourish Twice.

Carboniferous Whitestone

The Healing Stones' Q and R holes are features of similar shape and identical filling, each pair connected by a trench, resulting in a 'dumb-bell' shaped feature. After removal of Volcanic Bluestone from Q and R holes, the center part of each 'dumb-bell' was filled with very tightly packed clean Carboniferous Whitestone chalky rubble, the remaining primary fill of the original 'dumb-bell' from '56 holes (Hawley Holes / Aubrey Holes). The expanded Q and R holes' ends of each 'dumb-bell' shaped feature were then backfilled with dirtier Cretaceous White Chalk from '01 ditch (Altar Stone Ditch / Heel Stone Ditch). The Healing Stones' clean Carboniferous Whitestone filled Q and R holes' trench was auger cored in '56 by Doctor Dentist Garry Denke (1622-1699) as confirmed in '01 by Mining Engineer William Gowland (1842-1922) around mine Stone '56.

The Ancient was Right !
Coal IS under that hill !

H E A T

Garry Denke

Peru is now demanding Yale University return all items taken from Machu Picchu.

Yale wants to send back most things but keep a few for further study, while Peru wants them to return everything and they will decide what to return on loan back to Yale. No lawsuits have started yet, but it appears that they may if Yale insists on deciding what they get to keep, ostensible on loan for research and study and decide what it is they want to return.

My parents honeymooned at Machu Picchu in 1954.

Yep, and at Today's Coal Posted Price;
the Ancient Prospect now economical.

We're going to dig it!
--------------------

Stonehenge Building Materials:

For those unfamiliar with the 5 basic rock types at Stonehenge;
here is a list of them in chronological order of their first arrival.

85 MYA

White Chalk - The outcrop sedimentary rock of Stonehenge is Late Cretaceous Period, Santonian Age, calcium carbonate. Late Cretaceous Period outcrop sedimentary rock is the in situ construction material used by the Stonehenge builders. This material is approximately 85 million years old. This stone is called Seaford Chalk Formation rock. White in color, this building material is from Stonehenge Ditch mining area.

3100 BC

Whitestone - The oldest limestone sedimentary rock of Stonehenge is Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Period, Arundian Age, calcium carbonate. Early Carboniferous Period limestone sedimentary rock is the first (1st) construction material imported by the Stonehenge builders. This material is approximately 340 million years old. This stone is called High Tor (Birnbeck) Limestone Formation rock. White in color, this building material is from South Wales Coalfield mining area.

3000 BC

Cosheston - The oldest sandstone sedimentary rock of Stonehenge is Devonian Period micaceous silicate. Devonian Period sandstone sedimentary rock is the second (2nd) construction material imported by the Stonehenge builders. This material is approximately 408 million years old. This stone is called Senni Beds (Old Red Sandstone) Formation rock. Green in color, this building material is from South Wales Coalfield mining area.

2600 BC

Bluestone - The volcanic rock (oldest geologically) of Stonehenge is Ordovician Period intrusive igneous diabase (dolerite) and extrusive igneous felsite (rhyolite) and tuff (basic). Ordovician Period igneous rock is the third (3rd) construction material imported by the Stonehenge builders. This material is approximately 470 million years old. This stone is called Ordovician Volcanic rock. Black in color, this building material is from South Wales Coalfield mining area.

2200 BC

Sarsen - The youngest sandstone sedimentary rock of Stonehenge is Oligocene-Miocene (Tertiary) Period silicate. Oligocene-Miocene Period sandstone sedimentary rock is the fourth (4th) construction material imported by the Stonehenge builders. This material is approximately 24 million years old. This stone is called Reading Formation rock. Gray in color, this building material is from Marlborough Downs mining area.

Note that this order is consistent with both rock transport theories;
rock transported by a glacier and rock transported by the Ancient.

Both! One twice! Hope this helps!

http://www.open2.net/forum/showthread.php?p=22421
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/mbhistory/F223381...?thread=5312359

The Ancient!

Garry W. Denke
Geologist/Geophysicist
Denke Oil Company (DOC)
Wildcat Station, P.O. Box 866488
Plano, Texas 75086-6488

[email protected]
http://www.garrydenke.com
[email protected]
http://www.denocoinc.com

Tel: 972-422-8268
Fax: 972-422-7868
Cell: 972-768-4631
DOC: 570-788-5282

STONEHENGE: Replica of Mine

Seventy Seven Stonehenge Sarsens Shoring Seven Sisters Support

Seventy Seven Stonehenge Sarsens Shoring Seven Sisters Support

"Old Red after White, then Black, and Pale"
~King Arthur

Crop and Circle

The First Stone of Stonehenge is "white stone", Cretaceous and Carboniferous. Dr Garry Denke (1622-1699) found them, while coring at Stonehenge, in 1656. They are the key to understanding Salisbury Plain's past, both Mesolithic and Neolithic archaeology. The First Stone of Stonehenge is very important, both of them germane, Dr Garry Denke's.

Garry Denke's public papers are in Official Public (Deed) Records, note the word "public". Recorded over a decade(s) ago, for the Public, and free for kids. Not like Journal of Paleontology, Geological Journal, et al, that charge kids. Garry Denke's public papers filed on FidoNet also, over a decade(s) ago. Thanks to Tom Jennings, FTP, Usenet, BBS, etc.

Flora and Fauna

Altar Stone was in Stonehole 96
Heelstone was in Stonehole 97
(left Stone below Heelstone)

Bow Wow
Fido